Fetal macrosomia related to maternal poorly controlled type 1 diabetes strongly impairs serum lipoprotein concentrations and composition

H Merzouk¹, M Bouchenak², B Loukidi³, S Madani⁴, J Prost⁴, J Belleville⁴

¹ Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000 Algerie
² Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale et de la Nutrition, Institut des Sciences de la Nature, Université d'Oran, Es-Sénia 31000, Algerie
³ Service de Maternité, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algerie
⁴ Unité de Nutrition Cellulaire et Métabolique, Université de Bourgogne, Faculté des Sciences Mirande, BP 400, 21011 Dijon Cedex, France

Correspondence to:
Dr Belleville j.bellev{at}u-bourgogne.fr

Aims—To determine the effects of fetal macrosomia related to maternal type 1 diabetes on the lipid transport system.

Methods—Serum lipoprotein concentrations and composition and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity were investigated in macrosomic newborns (mean birth weight, 4650 g; SEM, 90) and their mothers with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes, in appropriate for gestational age newborns (mean birth weight, 3616 g; SEM, 68) and their mothers with well controlled type 1 diabetes, and macrosomic (mean birth weight, 4555 g; SEM, 86) or appropriate for gestational age (mean birth weight, 3290 g; SEM, 45) newborns and their healthy mothers.

Results—In mothers with well controlled type 1 diabetes, serum lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoproteins were comparable with those of healthy mothers. Similarly, in their infants, these parameters did not differ from those of appropriate for gestational age newborns. Serum triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), apolipoprotein B100 (apo B100), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) triglyceride concentrations were higher, whereas serum apo A-I and HDL₃ concentrations were lower in mothers with diabetes and poor glycaemic control than in healthy mothers. Their macrosomic newborns had higher concentrations in all serum lipids and lipoproteins, with high apo A-I and apo B100 values compared with appropriate for gestational age newborns. In macrosomic infants of healthy mothers, there were no significant differences in lipoprotein profiles compared with those of appropriate for gestational age infants. LCAT activity was similar in both groups of mothers and newborns.

Conclusion—Poorly controlled maternal type 1 diabetes and fetal macrosomia were associated with lipoprotein abnormalities. Macrosomic lipoprotein profiles related to poor metabolic control of type 1 diabetes appear to have implications for later metabolic diseases.

Key Words: apolipoproteins • lipids • lipoproteins • lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase • fetal macrosomia • maternal type 1 diabetes

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