ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Expression of smooth muscle markers in so called malignant fibrous histiocytomas

T Hasegawa¹, F Hasegawa², T Hirose³, T Sano⁴, Y Matsuno⁵

¹ Pathology Division, National Cancer Centre Research Institute, 5–1–1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan
² Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Cancer Centre Research Institute
³ Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical School, Saitama, Japan
⁴ Department of Pathology, University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Japan
⁵ Clinical Laboratory Division, National Cancer Centre Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr T Hasegawa, Pathology Division, National Cancer Centre Research Institute, 5–1–1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104–0045, Japan;
tdhasega{at}ncc.go.jp

Aims: To obtain further information regarding the frequency and degree of positivity for smooth muscle markers in a large number of malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs), as an aid to accurate diagnosis.

Method: The immunohistochemical features of 100 MFHs were studied and the results were compared with those for 30 leiomyosarcomas. Eighteen cases of MFH with smooth muscle actin (SMA) positivity were examined ultrastructurally.

Results: Immunoreactivity for smooth muscle markers, such as desmin, SMA, muscle specific actin (MSA) and h-caldesmon (HCD), which is a specific marker for smooth muscle cells and their tumours, was found in 28, 30, 29, and 29 of 30 leiomyosarcomas. Immunoreactivity for desmin, SMA, MSA, and HCD was found in 17, 30, 14, and two of the MFHs. On electron microscopic examination, approximately half of the cases contained a varying proportion of myofibroblastic cells. The others had only fibroblastic or undifferentiated tumour cells. At least 30% of the cases were found to display features consistent with limited smooth muscle or myofibroblastic differentiation.

Conclusion: A large subset of so called MFH in fact shows poorly differentiated smooth muscle or myofibroblastic features, and perhaps such tumours should be regarded as pleomorphic leiomyosarcomas and/or pleomorphic myofibroblastic sarcomas.

Keywords: malignant fibrous histiocytoma; leiomyosarcoma; myofibroblastic differentiation; smooth muscle markers; electron microscopy

Abbreviations: EMA, epithelial membrane antigen; HCD, heavy-caldesmon; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma; MSA, muscle specific actin; NCC, National Cancer Centre; SMA, smooth muscle actin

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Re: Expression of smooth muscle markers in so called malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Ibrahim M Zardawi

JCP Online, 24 Nov 2003 [Full text]

Author's reply to Zardawi

Tadashi Hasegawa

JCP Online, 17 Dec 2003 [Full text]