ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Coxsackievirus B3 sequences in the myocardium of fatal cases in a cluster of acute myocarditis in Greece

N Spanakis¹, E N Manolis², A Tsakris¹, S Tsiodras³, T Panagiotopoulos³, G Saroglou³, N J Legakis¹

¹ Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
² Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens
³ Hellenic Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, 104 33 Athens, Greece

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr A Tsakris
Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; atsakris{at}med.uoa.gr

Aim: The investigation of three fatal cases during a nationwide cluster of cases of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) associated with myocarditis and/or pericarditis in Greece in 2002.

Methods: In the three women who died, necropsies were performed and tissue sections were taken for histological examination, antigen detection by immunohistochemistry and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), amplification of viral genomes by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequence analysis.

Results: All samples showed histological signs of active myocarditis. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of the enterovirus VP1 family of proteins and IFA revealed the presence of coxsackievirus B3 antigen. Nested RT-PCR amplified enteroviral alleles of the 5'-untranslated region which were identical to each other and to the coxsackievirus B3 sequences.

Conclusions: This study provides pathological evidence of enteroviral infection among fatal myocarditis cases in a nationwide URTI cluster of cases associated with myocarditis and/or pericarditis.

Abbreviations: IFA, indirect immunofluorescence assay; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RT, reverse transcriptase; URTI, upper respiratory tract infection; 5'-UTR, 5'-untranslated region; VP1, viral protein 1

Keywords: acute myocarditis; enterovirus; immunofluorescence; immunohistochemistry; sequencing

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This article has been cited by other articles:

• Spanakis, N, Manolis, E N, Tsakris, A, Tsiodras, S, Panagiotopoulos, T, Saroglou, G, Legakis, N J (2005). Coxsackievirus B3 sequences in the myocardium of fatal cases in a cluster of acute myocarditis in Greece. Heart 91: 866-866 [Full Text]  

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Coxsackie B3 and cluster of acute myocarditis

Irene S Kourbeti

JCP Online, 19 Apr 2005 [Full text]