REVIEW
MicroRNA involvement in the pathogenesis and management of breast cancer
Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
Correspondence to:
Dr S M Khoshnaw, Department of Histopathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; mrxsmok8{at}nottingham.ac.uk
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a highly abundant class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs (18–25 nucleotides in length) that regulate gene expression by targeting protein-coding mRNAs post-transcriptionally. miRNAs have been implicated in cancer development and progression. As miRNAs and their regulatory functions are further revealed, the more the importance of miRNA-directed gene regulation is emphasised. In the human genome, 695 mature miRNAs have been identified, although computational calculation predicts that this may increase to >1000. Deregulation of miRNA expression profiles is thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of many human cancers including breast tumours. Breast cancer subtypes are observed to have deranged miRNA expression signatures, which makes miRNAs important targets for developing a novel molecular classification of breast cancer and opening avenues for more individualised treatment strategies for patients with breast cancer.
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