Specific epitopes of the structural and hypothetical proteins elicit variable humoral responses in SARS patients

Sammy CS Chow ¹, Cecilia YS Ho ², Tracy TY Tam ³, Chun Wu ⁴, To Cheung ¹, Paul KS Chan ², Margaret H.L. Ng ², Pak-kwan Hui ⁵, Ho-Keung Ng ², Deborah MY Au ¹ and Anthony WI Lo ^2*

¹ Century Biotech Limited, Hong Kong
² The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
³ Century Biotech Limited, Hong Kong SAR, China., Hong Kong
⁴ Abgent Inc., Hong Kong
⁵ Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: awilo{at}cuhk.edu.hk.

Accepted 12 July 2005

Abstract

Aim: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease which was caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV). SARS has caused an outbreak in the world during 2003 and 2004, with 8098 individuals being infected and a death toll of 774 in 28 regions around the world. Specific humoral responses to viral infection remain unclear.

Methods: We performed in silico analyses of the antigenicity of the SARS-CoV genome and identified some of the potential antigenic epitopes in the structural proteins (nucleocapsid, membrane, spike and small envelope proteins) and hypothetical proteins (SARS3a, 3b, 6, 7a and 9b) that are specific for SARS-CoV. A peptide chip platform was created and the profiles of antibodies to these epitopes were investigated in 59 different SARS patients' sera that were obtained at 6-103 days after the onset of the illness. Serial sera of 5 additional patients were also studied.

Results: Epitopes at the N-terminus of the membrane protein and the C-terminus of nucleocapsid protein elicited strong antibody responses. Epitopes on the Spike protein were only moderately immunogenic but the effects were persistent. Antibodies were also detected for some putative proteins, noticeably, the C-termini of SARS3a and SARS6.

Conclusions: Important epitopes of the SARS-CoV genome that may serve as potential markers for the viral infection are identified. These specific antigenic sites may also be important for vaccine development against this new fatal infectious disease.

Key Words: SARS, antibody, coronavirus, peptide chip

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Fujimoto, K., Chan, K.-H., Takeda, K., Lo, K.-F., Leung, R. H. K., Okamoto, T. (2008). Sensitive and Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Chemiluminescence for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Viral Infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 302-310 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tangudu, C., Olivares, H., Netland, J., Perlman, S., Gallagher, T. (2007). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Protein 6 Accelerates Murine Coronavirus Infections. J. Virol. 81: 1220-1229 [Abstract] [Full Text]