Morphological mimics of NUT midline carcinoma
| Tumour | Monomorphic | Distinguishing marker* |
| Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma | − | Human papillomavirus20–22 |
| Ewings/primitive neuroectodermal tumour | + | |
| Extragonadal germ cell tumour | + | PLAP, Oct 3/4, β-HCG |
| Lymphoma/leukaemia | + | Leucocyte common antigen |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | + | Epstein–Barr virus |
| Non-NMC PDSQC | − | |
| Olfactory neuroblastoma | + | Synaptophysin |
| Poorly differentiated carcinoma | − | |
| Small cell carcinoma | + | |
| SNUC | + |
↵* All the markers are negative in NMCs (French CA et al3 and author's unpublished observations).
β-HCG, β human chorionic gonadotrophin; NMC, NUT midline carcinoma; PDSQC, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma; PLAP, placental-like alkaline phosphatase; SNUC, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma.