Table 8

Reported frequencies of histological features in initial biopsies (%)

Feature	Normal	Infective	IBD	UC	CD	UC (p)	References
Architecture
Normal crypt architecture	100	85	8	6–10		34	18 28 34 63
Parallel crypts		87	53				4
Irregular/villous surface	0	0–7	11–27	30–50	12	32	4 11 18 25 26 28 33 34
Crypt architectural distortion		0–30	28–100	57–89	27–32	66	4 18 25 26 28 32 33 63
Crypt branching	0–5	10	79	47–63	39	28	11 18 28 34
Vertical crypt branching		0	24				4
Horizontal crypt branching		55	82				4
Crypt dilatation	8–14	53	80	57	42		4 11 34
Crypt atrophy		0–15	10–33	29–66	12–23	38	4 11 18 25 28 33
Epithelium
Mucin depletion	17	70	92	67–69	29–57		11 18 63
Paneth cell metaplasia	6	0	4–15	16–19	4	9	4 11 26 28
Chronic inflammation
Basal plasmacytosis	0	0–6	69–100	76		58	4 18 28 32 34
Basal lymphoid aggregates		0–7	18–35	21–60	8	64	18 25 26 28 33
Mixed LP inflammation		0–31	38–94	27	27		18 25
Superficial hypercellularity		28	10				4
Granuloma	0	0–2	6–27		21–62		4 11 18 25 26 33 34 63
Giant cells	0	2	25	1	11		11 18
Basal giant cells		0–2	1–16				25 26 33
Superficial giant cells		16	3	3	0		25
Neutrophils
Lamina proprial neutrophils	6	47–86	0–73	61–63	55–61		4 11 18 25 63
Crypt abscesses	0	47–54	75–90	41–66	19	53	18 25 28 34 63
Cryptitis	0			8–64	52	81	28 34 63
Ulceration/lumenal pus	0	0		31–40	24–25		11 34 63
Surface erosions		9–76	24–93	37	7		25 32 33

CD: Crohn's disease; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; LP, lamina propria; UC, ulcerative colitis; UC (p), paediatric ulcerative colitis.