In order to elucidate the relationship of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and pathogenesis of nasal inverted papilloma (IP) and its malignant transformation, 36 cases of IP and 16 cases IP with squamous cell carcinoma (IP + SCC) were detected for HPV related sequence with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. HPV related sequence were found in 21 of 36 (58.3%) cases of IP and in 11 of 16 (68.8%) cases of IP + SCC. The difference of positive rates of HPV in IP and IP + SCC were not significant statistically. The results suggested that HPV infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IP, and other factor(s) may be needed in the IP malignant transformation in addition to HPV infection.