Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (Schmincke's tumor) is a relatively common malignancy in the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx), but it rarely occurs at other sites. We describe here the first case of a vaginal neoplasm that closely resembled lymphoepithelial carcinoma in its histological features and immunophenotype. The tumor was detected in an 81-year-old woman who presented with recurrent vaginal bleeding. On colposcopy, an ulcerated polypoid tumor mass was seen in the posterior wall of the middle portion of the vagina. Histologic examination revealed an undifferentiated spindle-cell carcinoma (KL1+, chromogranin A-, vimentin-) with abundant lymphocytes (mostly UCHL1+ T cells), plasma cells, and macrophages (CD68+) in and around the tumor cell nests. A minority of the tumor cells exhibited overexpression of p53 protein and a quarter of the tumor cells reacted with the antibody MIB1, that is, were in a proliferate state. The tumor cells did not react with the monoclonal antibody DAKO-EBV, which detects a latent membrane protein (LMP-1) encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus. The tumor underwent regression after radiotherapy. No signs of recurrence or dissemination of the carcinoma have been detected clinically during the 6 months since treatment.