Research in autophagy continues to accelerate, 1 and as a result many new scientists are
entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for …

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death serving physiologic and homeostatic
functions. However, recent evidence implicating apoptosis in the etiology and …

Beyond its critical function in calcium homeostasis, vitamin D has recently been found to
play an important role in the modulation of the immune/inflammation system via regulating …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)(also known as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells)
possess the capacity for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, and their ability to …

Materials science treats the relations of composition and structure, on the one hand, to
properties. On the other hand, the task of materials engineer ing is to design, evaluate, and …

Microwave processing of ceramics is fast emerging as a new field of ceramic processing and
material synthesis. The past year has witnessed significant progress in the aspect of …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that represent a promising source for
regenerative medicine. MSCs are capable of osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic and …

The long term outcome of stent implantation is affected by a process called in stent
restenosis (ISR). Multiple contributory factors have been identified, but clear understanding …

A balance between programmed cell death and survival of vascular smooth muscle cells
(VSMC) in the fibrous cap, which is primarily composed of VSMC and extracellular matrix …

Both structural and inflammatory cells are capable of secreting transforming growth factor
(TGF)‐β and expressing TGF‐β receptors. TGF‐β can induce multiple cellular responses …