The nucleolus as a stress sensor: JNK2 inactivates the transcription factor TIF-IA and down-regulates rRNA synthesis
Abstract
Cells respond to a variety of extracellular and intracellular forms of stress by down-regulating rRNA synthesis. We have investigated the mechanism underlying stress-dependent inhibition of RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription and show that the Pol I-specific transcription factor TIF-IA is inactivated upon stress. Inactivation is due to phosphorylation of TIF-IA by c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) at a single threonine residue (Thr 200). Phosphorylation at Thr 200 impairs the interaction of TIF-IA with Pol I and the TBP-containing factor TIF-IB/SL1, thereby abrogating initiation complex formation. Moreover, TIF-IA is translocated from the nucleolus into the nucleoplasm. Substitution of Thr 200 by valine as well as knock-out of Jnk2 prevent inactivation and translocation of TIF-IA, leading to stress-resistance of Pol I transcription. Our data identify TIF-IA as a downstream target of the JNK pathway and suggest a critical role of JNK2 to protect rRNA synthesis against the harmful consequences of cellular stress.
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Footnotes
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Article published online ahead of print. Article and publication date are at http://www.genesdev.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/gad.333205.
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↵1 Corresponding author. E-MAIL Christine.Mayer{at}dkfz.de; FAX 49-6221-423404
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- Accepted February 28, 2005.
- Received December 8, 2004.
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press