Article Text

Download PDFPDF
The Calreticulin gene and myeloproliferative neoplasms
  1. Aoibhinn Clinton1,
  2. Mary Frances McMullin1,2
  1. 1Department of Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
  2. 2Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
  1. Correspondence to Professor Mary Frances McMullin, C Floor, Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK; m.mcmullin{at}qub.ac.uk

Abstract

The Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms include polycythaemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytopenia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Patients with these conditions were mainly thought to harbour JAK2V617F mutations or an Myeloproliferative leukaemia (MPL) substitution. In 2013, two revolutionary studies identified recurrent mutations in a gene that encodes the protein calreticulin (CALR). This mutation was detected in patients with PMF and ET with non-mutated JAK2 or MPL but was absent in patients with PV. The CALR gene encodes the calreticulin protein, which is a multifactorial protein, mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum in chromosome 19 and regulates calcium homeostasis, chaperones and has also been implicated in multiple cellular processes including cell signalling, regulation of gene expression, cell adhesion, autoimmunity and apoptosis. Somatic 52 bp deletions and recurrent 52 bp insertion mutations in CALR were detected and all resulted in frameshift and clusters in exon 9 of the gene. This review will summarise the current knowledge on the CALR gene and mutation of the gene in pathological conditions and patient phenotypes.

  • MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE
  • MYELOFIBROS
  • POLYCYTHAEMIA
  • THROMBOCYTHAEMIA

Statistics from Altmetric.com

Request Permissions

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.