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ROS1-1
  1. Prodipto Pal1,
  2. Zanobia Khan2
  1. 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network – University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
  2. 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network – Lakeridge Regional Health Center, Toronto, Canada
  1. Correspondence to Dr Prodipto Pal, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University Health Network – University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Prod.pal{at}gmail.com

Abstract

ROS1 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has recently been shown to undergo gene rearrangements in~1%–2% of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and in a variety of other tumours including cholangiocarcinoma, gastric carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma and in spitzoid neoplasms, glioblastoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. The ROS1 gene fusion undergoes constitutive activation, regulates cellular proliferation and is implicated in carcinogenesis. ROS1 fusions can be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation, real-time PCR, sequencing-based techniques and immunohistochemistry-based methods in clinical laboratories. The small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, crizotinib has been shown to be an effective inhibitor of ROS1 and has received Food and Drug Administration approval for treatment of advanced NSCLC. The current review is an update on the clinical findings and detection methods of ROS1 in clinical laboratories in NSCLC and other tumours.

  • lung cancer
  • cancer
  • cancer genetics

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Footnotes

  • Handling editor Runjan Chetty

  • Contributors PP performed the literature search, prepared the tables and figures, and drafted the manuscript. ZK assisted with the literature search, and drafted a portion of the manuscript. PP and ZK completed final revision.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

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