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September 2024 - Volume 77 - 9

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(Upper) (A) Pancreatic adenocarcinoma showed diffuse positivity for GPC3, albumin and AFP (immunostains not shown), with concurrent elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. Morphologically, the tumour does not exhibit hepatoid or enteroblastic differentiation, thus classifying it as adenocarcinoma with hepatocellular marker expression. (B) Pancreatic adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation, characterised by clear cells and subnuclear vacuoles. The tumour cells were positive for immunoreactive for GPC3, albumin, CK19 and SALL4 (not shown). This tumour would be classified as AED. (C) Hepatoid carcinoma resembling hepatocellular carcinoma, with cells indistinguishable from conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. AED, adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation; GPC3, Glypican-3; AFP, Alpha fetoprotein; SALL4, spalt like transcription factor 4; CK19, cytokeratin 19. (Lower) Schematic illustrating the relationship between the histological variants of hepatoid carcinoma. GPC3, Glypican-3; AFP, Alpha fetoprotein; SALL4, spalt like transcription factor 4; CDX2, caudal type homeobox 2; MUC6, mucin 6.