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Original article
Identification of α-enolase as a prognostic and diagnostic precancer biomarker in oral submucous fibrosis
  1. Swarnendu Bag1,
  2. Debabrata Dutta2,
  3. Amrita Chaudhary3,
  4. Bidhan Chandra Sing4,
  5. Mousumi Pal5,
  6. Ajoy Kumar Ray6,
  7. Rita Banerjee7,
  8. Ranjan Rashmi Paul5,
  9. Amit Basak8,
  10. Amit Kumar Das2,
  11. Jyotirmoy Chatterjee3
  1. 1 Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, South Sikkim, India
  2. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
  3. 3 School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
  4. 4 Department of Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
  5. 5 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, India
  6. 6 Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
  7. 7 Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India
  8. 8 Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
  1. Correspondence to Professor Amit Kumar Das, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; amitk{at}hijli.iitkgp.ernet.in and Professor Jyotirmoy Chatterjee, School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India; jchatterjee.iitkgp{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Aims Diagnostic ambiguities regarding the malignant potentiality of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), an oral precancerous condition having dysplastic and non-dysplastic isoforms are the major failure for early intervention of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Our goal is to identify proteomic signatures from biopsies that can be used as precancer diagnostic marker for patient suffering from OSF.

Methods The high throughput techniques adopting de novo peptide sequencing (1D SDS-PAGE coupled nanoLC MALDI tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based peptide mass fingerprint), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot (WB) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis are considered for such biomarker identification and multilevel validations.

Results Alpha-enolase is identified as an overexpressed protein in biopsies of oral submucous fibrosis with dysplasia (OSFWD) compared with oral submucous fibrosis without dysplasia (OSFWT) and normal oral mucosa (NOM). Total proteome analysis of an overexpressed protein band around 47 kDa of OSFWD identifies 334 peptides corresponding to 61 human proteins. Among them α-enolase is identified as a prime protein with highest number of peptides (44 out of 334 peptides) and sequence coverage (66.4%). Furthermore, RT-PCR, WB and IHC analysis also show mRNA and tissue level upregulation of α-enolase in OSFWD validating α-enolase as precancer marker.

Conclusions This study for the first time identifies and validates α-enolase as a novel biomarker for early diagnosis of malignant potentiality of OSF. Hence, the identified protein marker, α-enolase can help in early therapeutic intervention of OSF patients leading to the reduction of patient’s pain, treatment cost and enhancement of patient’s quality of life.

  • biomarker
  • α-enolase
  • proteomics
  • mass spectrometry

https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204430

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    Footnotes

    • SB and DD contributed equally.

    • Handling editor Des Richardson.

    • Contributors SB and DD designed, performed, analysed the experiments and wrote the paper; AC and BCS provided technical support and analysis of the results; MP and RRP contribute in oncopathological evaluation; AKD, AB, RB, AKR and JC evaluated the results and corrected the manuscript. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

    • Funding This work was carried out with financial assistance from the IAN project (Sanction No.: IIT/SRIC/SMST/IAN/2013-14/222) of IIT, Kharagpur, MHRD, Govt. of India.

    • Competing interests None declared

    • Ethics approval Institutional Ethics Committee of Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Science & Research, Panihati, Kolkata-700114.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.