PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - A. H. Cruickshank
TI  - The pathology of 111 cases of primary hepatic malignancy collected in the Liverpool region
AID  - 10.1136/jcp.14.2.120
DP  - 1961 Mar 01
TA  - Journal of Clinical Pathology
PG  - 120--131
VI  - 14
IP  - 2
4099  - http://jcp.bmj.com/content/14/2/120.short
4100  - http://jcp.bmj.com/content/14/2/120.full
SO  - J Clin Pathol1961 Mar 01; 14
AB  - The clinical records and preserved specimens of 111 cases of primary malignant disease of the liver have been analysed. All were diagnosed in the Merseyside area, chiefly in Liverpool and Birkenhead, and all but nine were Europeans. Necropsy was done in 89. The tumours consisted of 108 carcinomas, two sarcomas, and one mixed tumour. Liver cell carcinoma was nearly four times more frequent than carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Both types were commoner in males, the difference between the sexes being greater in the case of liver cell carcinoma. Predisposing conditions included portal cirrhosis, haemochromatosis, and cystic malformations of bile ducts. The gross and microscopic appearances are described and the pathological effects discussed. Liver cell carcinoma tends to invade and permeate veins within the liver but seems, nevertheless, to remain limited to the liver for longer than carcinoma of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Liver cell carcinoma is more characteristic microscopically. The commonest occupation among the male cases was seafarer.