TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between <em>Mycoplasma genitalium</em>, <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> and pelvic inflammatory disease JF - Journal of Clinical Pathology JO - J Clin Pathol SP - 616 LP - 618 DO - 10.1136/jcp.56.8.616 VL - 56 IS - 8 AU - I Simms AU - K Eastick AU - H Mallinson AU - K Thomas AU - R Gokhale AU - P Hay AU - A Herring AU - P A Rogers Y1 - 2003/08/01 UR - http://jcp.bmj.com/content/56/8/616.abstract N2 - Objective: To evaluate the association between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Methods: A case-control methodology was used. Swab eluates were processed using the QIAamp DNA mini kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M genitalium was carried out using a real time in-house 16S based assay. An endocervical swab was taken and tested for the presence of C trachomatis (ligase chain reaction, Abbott Laboratories), and a high vaginal swab was taken and tested for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and bacterial vaginosis. Results: Of the PID cases 13% (6/45) had evidence of M genitalium infection compared to none of the controls (0/37); 27% (12/45) of the cases had C trachomatis infection compared to none of the controls; and 16% (7/45) of cases only had serological evidence of C trachomatis infection compared to 5% (2/37) of controls. Cases were more likely to present with M genitalium and/or C trachomatis than controls (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that there may be an association between M genitalium and PID, and that this relation is largely independent of C trachomatis. Future studies need to investigate the pathological basis of the relation between M genitalium and PID using samples from women with PID diagnosed using laparoscopy and endometrial biopsy. Little is known about the epidemiology of M genitalium: large scale epidemiological investigations are needed to determine the prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with this emerging infection. ER -