PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Xiong, Z
AU  - Shaibani, A
AU  - Li, Y-P
AU  - Yan, Y
AU  - Zhang, S
AU  - Yang, Y
AU  - Yang, F
AU  - Wang, H
AU  - Yang, X-F
TI  - Alternative splicing factor ASF/SF2 is down regulated in inflamed muscle
AID  - 10.1136/jcp.2005.032961
DP  - 2006 Aug 01
TA  - Journal of Clinical Pathology
PG  - 855--861
VI  - 59
IP  - 8
4099  - http://jcp.bmj.com/content/59/8/855.short
4100  - http://jcp.bmj.com/content/59/8/855.full
SO  - J Clin Pathol2006 Aug 01; 59
AB  - Background: In our recent studies, alternative splicing has been shown to have a major role in inflammation and autoimmune muscle diseases. Aim: To examine the novel hypothesis that the expression of an essential alternative splicing factor, alternative splicing factor 2 (ASF/SF2), is modulated in muscle inflammation. Methods: ASF/SF2 expression in muscle biopsy samples from eight patients with inflammatory myopathy and six non-myositic controls was determined by using western blot with anti-ASF/SF2 antibodies. To further elucidate the mechanism of reduced ASF/SF2 expression in inflamed muscle, differentiated C2C12 myotubes were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), followed by western blot analysis of ASF/SF2 expression. Results: ASF/SF2 expression in the muscle biopsy samples from patients with inflammatory myopathy was found to be lower (mean of relative densitometric units 41.1 (2SD 20.7)) than that of the non-myositic controls (mean of relative densitometric units 76.7 (39.6); p<0.05). In addition to this, ASF/SF2 expression was seen to be significantly down regulated (sevenfold) in C2C12 myotubes compared with expression variations in the β-actin control (0.62-fold; mean 1.22 (0.40); p<0.05). Conclusion: Collectively, it is shown, for the first time, that alternative splicing factor ASF/SF2 is down regulated in autoimmune inflammatory myositis—potentially via a TNFα-mediated pathway. The development of (1) novel autoantigen isoform microarrays for disease diagnosis and prognosis; (2) novel autoantigen-tolerising treatments for autoimmune diseases; and (3) novel splicing-redirection treatments can be facilitated by the ongoing study of alternative splicing of autoantigen transcripts.