@article {Sfeir626, author = {Maroun M Sfeir and Audrey Schuetz and Koen Van Besien and Alain C Borczuk and Rosemary Soave and Stephen G Jenkins and Thomas J Walsh and Catherine B Small}, title = {Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumour: epidemiology and clinical outcomes}, volume = {71}, number = {7}, pages = {626--630}, year = {2018}, doi = {10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204777}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group}, abstract = {Introduction Mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumour (MSP) is a rare disease characterised by tumour-like local proliferation of spindle-shaped histiocytes containing acid-fast positive mycobacteria. The aim of this literature review is to describe the clinical parameters and treatment outcomes of patients with MSP.Methods A literature search was conducted using the search terms related to mycobacteria and spindle cell tumours. A previously unreported stem cell transplant recipient from our institution diagnosed with MSP was also included. Demographics, comorbidities, site of infection, treatment and clinical outcomes were analysed.Results Fifty-one patients were analysed. Twenty-six (51\%) had HIV infection. Mycobacterium avium complex was the most frequent organism isolated in 24 (47.1\%) followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in eight (16\%) cases. Lymph nodes were the most common site of infection (45.1\%). Twenty (39.2\%) patients received antimycobacterial agents, 12 (23.5\%) underwent surgical resection and six (11.8\%) received antimycobacterial agents plus surgery. Treatment was successful in 24 (47.1\%) patients and failed in 15 (29.4\%); 13 of these 15 patients died. Antimycobacterial therapy was significantly associated with successful outcome compared with surgical resection or no treatment (P\<0.001).Conclusion MSP is a rare condition associated primarily with immunodeficiencies. Antimycobacterial therapy is significantly associated with successful outcome.}, issn = {0021-9746}, URL = {https://jcp.bmj.com/content/71/7/626}, eprint = {https://jcp.bmj.com/content/71/7/626.full.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Clinical Pathology} }