The American Rheumatology Association (ARA) criteria
| ARA criteria 1982 (updated 1997) | Detail |
|---|---|
| ACA, anticardiolipin antibody; ANA, antinuclear antigen; dsDNA, double stranded DNA; FP VDRL, false positive venereal disease reference laboratory test; IIF, immunofluorescence; LA, lupus anticoagulant. | |
| Photosensitivity | Photosensitive skin rash |
| Malar rash | Flat or raised fixed erythema |
| Discoid rash | Raised with plugging/scarring/scaling |
| Oral ulcers | Usually painless |
| Arthritis | Non-erosive, 2+ peripheral joints |
| Serositis | Pleural or cardiac |
| Renal disorder | Proteinuria or cellular casts |
| Neurological disorder | Convulsions or psychosis without other cause |
| Haematological disorder | Haemolysis, cytopenia |
| “Immunological disorder” (modified 1997) | Anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid antibodies (ACAs, LA, or FP VDRL) |
| Antinuclear antibody (ANA) | “Abnormal titre” ANA at any time point by IIF or equivalent assay |