Risk factor | Risk exposure | Ref |
---|---|---|
*References adapted from the results of the IARC multicentre study.23 | ||
HPV DNA in cervial exfoliates | Positive for high risk types | Negative |
Use of oral contraceptives | 5 or more years of use | Never |
Smoking | Ever | Never |
Parity | 5 or more pregnancies | None or 1–2 |