Table 5

Risk factors for cervical cancer among human papillomavirus positive women*

Risk factorRisk exposureRef
*References adapted from the results of the IARC multicentre study.23
HPV DNA in cervial exfoliatesPositive for high risk typesNegative
Use of oral contraceptives5 or more years of useNever
SmokingEverNever
Parity5 or more pregnanciesNone or 1–2