Properties of macronutrients
| Properties | Fat | Protein | Carbohydrate | Alcohol |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| kcal/g (kJ/g) | 9 (38) | 4 (17) | 4 (17) | 7 (29) |
| Energy density | High | Low | Low | High |
| Thermic effect (as % of energy content) | 2–3% | 25–30% | 6–8% | 15–20% |
| Storage capacity | High | None | Low | None |
| Autoregulation | Poor | Good | Good | Poor |
| Ability to suppress hunger | Low | High | High | Negative (stimulating) |