Basal cell proliferations of the prostate: diagnostic criteria together with major immunohistochemical findings
| Architecture | Cytology | 34βE12, p63 | PSA | S-100 protein, SMA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *See table 1 for cell location. | |||||
| BCA, basal cell adenoma; BCC, basal cell carcinoma; BCH, basal cell hyperplasia; PSA, prostate specific antigen; SMA, α smooth muscle actin. | |||||
| Normal basal cell layer | Near continuous single cell layer | Small elongated cells, ovoid nuclei, scant cytoplasm | + | − | − |
| Ordinary BCH (including BCA and adenomatosis) | Small cell nests, two cell layers minimum, solid or cystic | Small to medium sized nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, cytoplasm difficult to identify | + | ±* | ±* |
| Florid BCH | Compact glandular proliferation with solid nests | Cells with moderately enlarged nuclei, often with a prominent nucleolus | + | ± | ± |
| BCH with prominent nucleoli (or atypical BCH) | Same as ordinary BCH | Nucleoli similar to those seen in acinar adenocarcinoma | + | ± | ± |
| BCC (adenoid cystic carcinoma) | Islands and cords of cells with peripheral palisading or nests of cells with an adenoid cystic pattern | Basaloid cells with large nuclei with considerable irregularity and variable size | + | ± | − |