Fredette 3 | 1916 | 4 months to 84 years | <30 min | Blood | 119 | 65% | 26% | 9% |
Giordano4 | 1922 | Adults | 1–23 h | Blood | 206 | 62% | | |
| | | | Spleen | 190 | 61% | | |
Hunt5 | 1929 | Adults | 1–12 h | Blood | 567 | 69% | | |
Burn6 | 1934 | 0–90 years | 1–48 h, <12 h in 84% | Blood | 134 | 63% | 22% | 15% |
| | | | Spleen | 136 | 55% | | |
Adelson8 | 1956 | 10 days to 24 months | | Blood | 120 | 79% | | |
| | | | CSF | 38 | 100% | | |
Kurtin9 | 1958 | 31–85 years | 1–48 h, <24 h in 74% | Blood | 50 | 80% | | |
| | | | Spleen | 50 | 76% | | |
Carpenter10 | 1964 | 0–90 years | 1–18 h | Blood | 2033 | 68% | 25% | 7% |
Wood11 | 1965 | 0–90 years | 1–48 h <15 h in 65% | Blood | 62 | 29% | 50% | 21% |
O’Toole13 | 1965 | Adults | <20 h | Spleen | 54 | 74% | | |
Minckler14 | 1966 | 1–90 years | <24 h | Various solid organs | 738 | 66% | | |
Roberts15 | 1969 | Adults | | Blood | 100 | 63% | | |
| | | | Spleen | 100 | 77% | | |
Koneman16 | 1971 | 7–75 years | 1–23 h | Blood | 91 | 61% | | |
Wise18 | 1976 | 31–91 years | Mean 24 h | Spleen | 192 | 87.5% | 11% | 1.5% |
Pryse-Davies19 | 1979 | Perinatal, <1 month | 37% <24 h, 28% >48 h | Blood | 797 | 79% | 17% | 4% |
| | | | CSF | 479 | 88% | 10% | 2% |
Eisenfield 20 | 1983 | Neonatal, <1 month | <2 h in 293 | Blood | 311 | 62% | | |
| | | | CSF | 311 | 84% | | |
Sonnabend*21 | 1985 | 21–355 days | 80% <24 h | Blood, liver, brain, spleen | 70 | 89% | 10% | 1% |
Sadler23 | 1998 | 0–2 years | Median 5 h | Blood | 45 | 20% | | |
| | | | CSF | 61 | 57% | | |
| | | | Spleen | 21 | 62% | | |
CESDI-SUDI24 | 2000 | 7–365 days | 28% in <24 h, 33% in <48 h | Blood | 287 | 50% | 5% | 45% |
| | | | CSF | 279 | 76% | 3% | 21% |