Table 1

 Molecular characteristics of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas and their putative clinicopathological significance (see text for details)

Molecular characteristicMolecular effectPutative clinicopathological significance
ANX4, annexin IV; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein; ERCC1, excision-repair, complementing defective, in Chinese hamster-1; GLRX, glutaredoxin; GPX3, glutathione peroxidase 3; HNF-1β, hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta; IGF-IR, insulin-derived growth factor-I receptor; Myc, myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue; SOD2, superoxide dismutase; TMS, target of methylation-induced silencing; UGT1A1, UDP glycotransferase 1; XPB, xeroderma pigmentosum B.
HNF-1β upregulationApoptotic escapeTumorigenesis
TMS-1/ASC methylationApoptotic escapeTumorigenesis
PTEN lossActivation of cell cycle progressionTumorigenesis
Metastasis
WT-1 reduced expression and promotor methylationDeregulated IGF-IR gene expression and enhanced mitogenic activityTumorigenesis
Reduced E-cadherin expressionTumorigenesis/Metastasis
CD44 lossReduced cell adhesionMetastasis
Myc amplificationCell proliferationTumorigenesis
Chromosome 9p loss (CDKN2)Loss of p53 and pRb activityTumorigenesis
Chromosome 17q21-q24 gain (PPM1D)Inhibition of p53Tumorigenesis
Loss of mismatch repair genes(hMLH1 and hMSH2)Microsatellite instabilityDrug resistance
ERCC1 and XPB upregulationImpaired nucleotide excision repairPlatinum resistance
GPX3, GLRX and SOD2 (antioxidant proteins) upregulationResistance to oxidative damageDrug resistance
ANX4 upregulationUnknownPaclitaxel resistance
UGT1A1 upregulationDetoxification of SN-38Topoisomerase I inhibitor resistance
ABCF2 upregulationUnknownPlatinum resistance
Altered BAX/Bcl-2 ratioAlteration of proapoptotic/antiapoptotic protein ratio mediating apoptotic escapeTumorigenesis
Paclitaxel sensitivity