Target group | Primer | Primer sequence (5′–3′) | Amplicon size (bp) | Annealing temp (°C) | DGGE gradient range (%)* | Reference |
Bacteroides | Bfra531-f | ATACGGAGGATCCGAGCGTTA | 293 | 60 | 25–45 | Vanhoutte et al 200620 |
Bfra766-r-GC | GC clamp†-CTGTTTGATACCCACACT | |||||
Bifidobacterium | Bif164-f | GGGTGGTAATGCCGGATG | 520 | 62 | 40–50 | Satokari et al 200121 |
Bif662-GC-r | GC clamp‡-CACCGTTACACCGGGAA | |||||
LAB group§ | Lac1 | AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA | 340 | 61 | 25–45 | Walter et al 200122 |
Lac2-GC | GC clamp‡-ATTYCACCGCTACACATG | |||||
Nested PCR | 27-δ | AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG | 1200 | 54 | Hashikawa et al 200423 | |
1220-r | TTGTAGCACGTGTGTAGCCC |
↵* A 100% denaturant acrylamide was defined at 7 M urea and 40% (v/v) formamide.
↵† GC clamp sequence: GCCCGCCGCGCGCGGCGGGCGGGGCGGGGGCACGGGGGG.
↵‡ GC clamp sequence: CGCCCGCCGCGCCCCGCGCCCGGCCCGCCGCCCCCGCCCC.
↵§ LAB group comprising the genera Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Weisella.
DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; LAB, lactic acid bacteria.