Stimulants | Concentration | Supplier |
Cytokines | ||
Interleukin-1β | 1000 U/ml | PerpoTech |
Interleukin-6 | 1000 U/ml | PerpoTech |
Interferon-γ | 1000 U/ml | PerpoTech |
Tumour necrosis factor-α | 1000 U/ml | PerpoTech |
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns | ||
Lipopolysaccharide (TLR4 ligand) | 1 μg/ml | Invitrogen |
Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2 ligand) | 100 ng/ml | Invitrogen |
Poly(I:C) (TLR3 ligand) | 25 μg/ml | Invitrogen |
Bile acid | ||
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid | 200 μM | Calbiochem |
Taurocholic acid | 200 μM | Calbiochem |
Taurodeoxycholic acid | 200 μM | Calbiochem |
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid | 200 μM | Calbiochem |
Invitrogen, San Diego, California; PerpoTech, London.
TLR, Toll-like receptor.