Biomarkers from the cytokeratin family
| Method | Number of patients | Significance of success as biomarker | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| CK7 (Basic or neutral cytokeratin) | 6 chRCC, 11 RO | All chRCC, strong cytoplasmic staining with peripheral cell accentuation. 8/11 RO, negative, 3 weakly staining. | 70 |
| 21 chRCC, 26 RO | chRCCs (100%) and almost all RO (96%) were positive for CK7. | 71 | |
| 11 chRCC, 21 RO from 4 hospitals | 73% chRCC, 25% RO positive for CK7; 33% RO focally positive for CK7. No consistency in differentiating the 2 neoplasms. | 72 | |
| Positive in 100% chRCC, 8% ccRCC and negative in RO. | 45 | ||
| 22 chRCC, 17 RO, 45 ccRCC | Positive in 80% chRCC, 0% RO. | 47 | |
| TMAs (20 each ccRCC, chRCC, pRCC, RO) | Positive in pRCC (90%), chRCC (89%), and RO (90%). | 48 | |
| TMAs (36 chRCC, 20 RO) | Expressed significantly more often in chRCC than RO, both diffusely (53% vs 10%) and focally (42% vs 15%). | 48 | |
| TMAs (30 RO, 18 chRCC, 64 ccRCC, 50 pRCC) | 81% pRCC, 63% chRCC, essentially negative in ccRCC and RO | 60 | |
| 10 each ccRCC, pRCC, chRCC, RO | Distinguished RO and chRCC. RO were not stained 80% chRCCs were positive. | 64 | |
| CK8 (Basic or neutral cytokeratins) | 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdRCC) | Positive in 70% ccRCC, 93% chRCC and 87.5% RO. | 45 |
| CK18 (Acidic cytokeratin) | 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdRCC) | Positive in 87% ccRCC, 100% chRCC and 87.5% RO. | 45 |
| CK19 (Acidic cytokeratin) | 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdc) | Positive in 41% ccRCC, 37.5% chRCC and 62.5% RO. Not a useful marker for differentiation among these subtypes. | 45 |
| CK20 (Acidic cytokeratin) | 15 RO only from archives | 12/15 RO were positive for CK20 | 73 |
| 11 chRCC, 21 RO from 4 hospitals | chRCC and RO were uniformly negative for CK20 | 72 | |
| 76 cases (30 ccRCC, 16 pRCC, 21 chRCC, 8 RO, 1 cdRCC) | Positive in only 8% ccRCCs, 12.5% chRCCs, negative in RO. Not a useful marker for differentiation among these subtypes. | 45 |
ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; cdRCC, collecting duct renal cell carcinoma; chRCC, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma; RO, renal oncocytoma; TMA, tissue microarray.