Distribution of the primary causes of death, major missed diagnosis and class I errors of the study patients
| Diagnosis | No. of cases | No. of major errors (%) | No. of class I errors (%) |
| Total | 117 | 71 (60.7)* | 58 (49.6)† |
| Infectious diseases | 12 | 9 (75.0) | 9 (75.0) |
| Enteral infection with toxic shock (toxic bacillary dysentery, acute haemorrhagic enteritis and so on) | 7 | 4 | 4 |
| Encephalitis | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Viral myocarditis | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Tumour | 4 | 4 (100.0) | 0 |
| HCC, gastric cancer, lung cancer, malignant histiocytosis | 4 | 4 (100.0) | 0 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 54 | 34 (62.7) | 28 (51.9) |
| Coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction and sudden coronary death) | 19 | 12 | 11 |
| Rupture of vascular (ruptured aorta dissection, brain haemorrhage and other artery rupture) | 25 | 18 | 15 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Others (congestive heart failure, toxic myocarditis, Takayasu’s arteritis and so on) | 7 | 3 | 1 |
| Pulmonary diseases | 26 | 14 (53.8) | 13 (50.0) |
| Pneumonia (interstitial pneumonia, lobular pneumonia and lobar pneumonia) | 16 | 9 | 9 |
| Asthma | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Airway obstruction (oedema of throat, aspiration of gastric contents or blood, intratracheal foreign body and so on) | 6 | 4 | 3 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | 12 | 7 (58.3) | 6 (50.0) |
| Pancreatitis | 4 | 3 | 3 |
| Gastrointestinal haemorrhage (due to peptic ulcer, liver cirrhosis, radical gastrectomy and so on) | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Others (ileus, duodenum perforation, hepatic necrosis, alcoholic hepatitis) | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| Miscellaneous | 9 | 3 (33.3) | 2 (22.2) |
| Multiple traumatic injuries | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Allergic shock | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Others (amniotic embolism, ectopic pregnancy rupture, alcohol poisoning and so on) | 4 | 1 | 0 |
*p of major errors (class I and class II) differences between six groups <0.0001 by Pearson χ2.
†p of class I errors differences between six groups <0.0001 by Pearson χ2.
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.