Clinicopathological characteristics of patients at the time of first analysis of small bowel biopsies
| Total (n=221) | ACD (n=8) | GFD (n=172) | RCDI (n=24) | RCDII (n=3) | Non-CD (n=14) | P values | |
| Age (mean (SE)) (range) | 44.25 (5.1) (26–71) | 48.88 (1.3) (19–88) | 57.38 (2.9) (24–79) | 67.00 (5.1) (42–75) | 60.86 (3.4) (40–76) | 0.0052 | |
| Gender | 0.7946 | ||||||
| Female | 169 | 7 | 131 | 18 | 3 | 10 | |
| Male | 52 | 1 | 41 | 6 | 0 | 4 | |
| Duration of disease mean (SE) [range], in months | 1.8 (1.1) (0–6) | 89.2 (12.4) (2–1251) | 105.2 (25.8) (8-655) | 84.00 | 9.6 (2.6) (4–18) | 0.4811 (0.3248*) | |
| Diarrhoea | 2/8 (25%) | 102/172 (59%) | 15/24 (63%) | 1/3 (33%) | 8/14 (57%) | 0.3336 | |
| Immunomodulatory therapy | 0/6 (0%) | 23/158 (16%) | 13/23 (57%) | 2/2 (100%) | 4/11 (42%) | <0.0001 | |
| Positive serology | 6/8 (75%) | 64/150 (43%) | 6/23 (26%) | 2/3 (67%) | 0/12 (0%) | 0.0049 (0.0967†) | |
| Histology | <0.0001 (0.0179‡) | ||||||
| VA with ↑IELs | 6/8 (75%) | 51/172 (30%) | 24/24 (100%) | 3/3 (100%) | 7/14 (50%) | ||
| ↑IELs without VA | 2/8 (25%) | 54/172 (31%) | 0/24 (0%) | 0/3 (0%) | 1/14 (7%) | ||
| Normal | 0/8 (0%) | 67/172 (39%) | 0/24 (0%) | 0/3 (0%) | 6/14 (43%) | ||
| TCR | 0.0044 (0.3888§) | ||||||
| Clonal | 0/8 (0%) | 11/172 (6%) | 4/24 (17%) | 2/3 (67%) | 0/14 (0%) | ||
| Polyclonal | 7/8 (88%) | 130/172 (76%) | 14/24 (58%) | 0/3 (0%) | 10/14 (71%) | ||
| PCP | 1/8 (12%) | 31/172 (18%) | 6/24 (25%) | 1/3 (33%) | 4/14 (29%) |
*Analysis of GFD, RCDI and RCDII groups only.
†Analysis of ACD, GFD, RCDI and RCDII groups only.
‡Analysis of non-RCD disease categories only.
§Analysis of ACD, GFD, RCDI and non-CD groups only.
ACD, active coeliac disease; GFD, gluten-free diet; IELs, intraepithelial lymphocytes; non-CD, aetiology other than coeliac disease; PCP, prominent clonal peaks; RCD, refractory coeliac disease; TCR, T cell receptor rearrangement; VA, villous atrophy; SE, standard error.