Table 1

Clinicopathological characteristics of patients at the time of first analysis of small bowel biopsies

Total (n=221)ACD (n=8)GFD (n=172)RCDI (n=24)RCDII (n=3)Non-CD (n=14)P values
Age (mean (SE))
(range)
44.25 (5.1)
(26–71)
48.88 (1.3)
(19–88)
57.38 (2.9)
(24–79)
67.00 (5.1)
(42–75)
60.86 (3.4)
(40–76)
0.0052
Gender0.7946
 Female169713118310
 Male52141604
Duration of disease mean (SE) [range], in months1.8 (1.1) (0–6)89.2 (12.4) (2–1251)105.2 (25.8) (8-655)84.009.6 (2.6) (4–18)0.4811 (0.3248*)
Diarrhoea2/8 (25%)102/172 (59%)15/24 (63%)1/3 (33%)8/14 (57%)0.3336
Immunomodulatory therapy0/6 (0%)23/158 (16%)13/23 (57%)2/2 (100%)4/11 (42%)<0.0001
Positive serology6/8 (75%)64/150 (43%)6/23 (26%)2/3 (67%)0/12 (0%)0.0049 (0.0967†)
Histology<0.0001 (0.0179‡)
 VA with ↑IELs6/8 (75%)51/172 (30%)24/24 (100%)3/3 (100%)7/14 (50%)
 ↑IELs without VA2/8 (25%)54/172 (31%)0/24 (0%)0/3 (0%)1/14 (7%)
 Normal0/8 (0%)67/172 (39%)0/24 (0%)0/3 (0%)6/14 (43%)
TCR0.0044 (0.3888§)
 Clonal0/8 (0%)11/172 (6%)4/24 (17%)2/3 (67%)0/14 (0%)
 Polyclonal7/8 (88%)130/172 (76%)14/24 (58%)0/3 (0%)10/14 (71%)
 PCP1/8 (12%)31/172 (18%)6/24 (25%)1/3 (33%)4/14 (29%)
  • *Analysis of GFD, RCDI and RCDII groups only.

  • †Analysis of ACD, GFD, RCDI and RCDII groups only.

  • ‡Analysis of non-RCD disease categories only.

  • §Analysis of ACD, GFD, RCDI and non-CD groups only.

  • ACD, active coeliac disease; GFD, gluten-free diet; IELs, intraepithelial lymphocytes; non-CD, aetiology other than coeliac disease; PCP, prominent clonal peaks; RCD, refractory coeliac disease; TCR, T cell receptor rearrangement; VA, villous atrophy; SE, standard error.