Adaptation of established and novel markers to measure LDL-cholesterol8
| Analytes | Method | Limitations | Status |
| Friedewald equation | Calculation | Only for TG <400 mg/dL (<4.52 mmol/L) and fasting samples | Routine |
| Martin/Hopkins equation | Calculation | Only for TG <400 mg/dL (<4.52 mmol/L) and fasting samples (With extended equation of additional 240 cells can be used for TG up to 9.04 mmol/L) | Routine |
| Sampson equation | Calculation | Only for TG <800 mg/dL (<9.03 mmol/L) | Routine |
| Direct LDL-C | Homogeneous enzyme assay | Inaccurate for some dyslipidaemic samples | Routine |
| LDL-P | NMR | Complex instrumentation | Reference lab |
| VAP | High TG samples disturb lipoprotein isolation | Reference lab | |
| DMS | Complex sample preparation and analysis | Reference lab | |
| Direct sd-LDL-C | Homogeneous enzyme assay | This method selectively decomposes d <1.044 kg/L lipoproteins | FDA approved but not yet widely available |
| LDL-TG | Homogeneous enzyme assay | Under development | |
| LDL-SM | MS | Complex sample preparation and analysis | Under development |
DMS, differential ion mobility spectrometry; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MS, mass spectrometry; NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; TG, triglycerides; VAP, vertical auto profile.