Determination of IgG- and IgM-class antibodies to mumps virus by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay

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Abstract

An indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the determination of IgG and IgM antibodies to mumps virus is described. Viral antigens and control antigens were adsorbed onto polystyrene microliter plates, and antibodies attached to the antigens were detected by subsequent binding of commercial peroxidase-labeled antibodies to the heavy chains of human IgG and IgM immunoglobulins. A comparison of antibody titers obtained by the EIA and by indirect immunofluorescence test showed a close concordance between these two tests, with EIA, however, being more sensitive. Occasional crossreactions between mumps and parainfluenza antibodies were detected in the IgG antibody test but not in the IgM antibody test. In sera from 84 patients with mumps infection, all cases were diagnosed by the EIA IgM antibody assay, 96% from the fkst serum specimen. Mumps was diagnosed by complement fixation (CF) in 71% of these cases: unclear or erroneous results with parainfluenza titer increases in 10% and no diagnosis in 18% of the cases. The EIA IgM antibody assay was thus better than the CF test for the diagnosis of acute mumps infection.

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    We demonstrated that current ELISAs could not reliably diagnose mumps at this stage of illness in this cohort of patients. Previous studies on mumps-IgM ELISAs (Gut et al., 1985; Julkunen et al., 1984; Meurmann et al., 1982; Popow-Kraupp, 1981; Ukkonen et al., 1981) reported significantly higher sensitivities, achieving positive results with 75–98% of the acute sera tested. The assays used in the 1980s were generally indirect in-house ELISAs using crude antigen preparations.

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