Elsevier

The Lancet

Volume 354, Issue 9192, 20 November 1999, Pages 1791-1792
The Lancet

Research Letters
Reduced bone formation after exposure to organophosphates

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)04466-9Get rights and content

Summary

Bone histomorphometric analysis in 24 agricultural workers with chronic organophosphate exposure showed significantly lower bone formation at tissue and cellular level than in healthy controls.

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    Elevated levels of MCP have been seen in blood samples of individuals from Punjab (India) who resided in areas surrounded by agricultural fields [5]. A study on the Egyptian farm workers showed that 50% of the workers exhibited neurological symptoms including loss of reflexes on the use of MCP besides other OPIs [6]. Results of another histomorphometric bone biopsy study on war veterans also reported diminished bone formation.

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    Changes in this balance can lead to bone diseases, like osteoporosis, a term used to define the decrease of bone mass per unit volume of anatomical bone. Toxicological studies have shown that bone metabolism is highly sensitive to environmental pollutants (heavy metals, pesticides) which can alter bone composition and mineralization, producing specific bone pathologies (Compston et al., 1999; Rignell-Hydbom et al., 2009; Engström et al., 2012; Mzid et al., 2017). Human populations throughout the world are exposed daily to low levels of environmental contaminants induced by pesticide residues (Waliszevski et al., 1996), including the G surfactant-based herbicide, namely KL.

  • Effects of organophosphates on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation

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    In addition to enzymatic activity, AChE has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility in other cell types. In fact, AChE seems to play a role in normal bone development [8,9,29] and exposure to OPs has been shown to alter normal bone development [30]. It is also interesting to note that AChE has been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility in other cell types [6,8,9,13,31–33].

  • Cell therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells-how the disease process impacts clinical considerations

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    Some studies indicated that micromolar concentrations of these anticholinergic insecticides, such as carbofuran and chlorpyrifos, had no effect on MSC survival or proliferation but inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MSCs (67,73). These in vitro results support a suspected association between chronic exposure to OP pesticides and reduced bone formation in agricultural workers (74). These findings should be taken into account when treating and preventing OP and carbamate toxicity.

  • The effect of alendronate sodium on human erythrocytes

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    It is also suggested that acetylcholinesterase participates in cell differentiation and is a key factor in the ossification process; it is also the regulator of bone tissue rebuilding (Genever et al., 1999). Moreover, it is known that phosphoroorganic compounds – insecticides (not used as medicines) are able to inhibit the activity of acetylcholesterase contained in bones, which results in a decrease in bones mineral density (Compston et al., 1999). Cholinesterases are also found in mammalian erythrocytes, but their physiological function in these cells has not been clearly elucidated.

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Dr A R Lyons died in July, 1998.

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