Original ContributionsCyclin a correlates with carcinogenesis and metastasis, and p27kip1 correlates with lymphatic invasion, in colorectal neoplasms*
Section snippets
Specimens
Between 1991 and 1999 at Kagawa Medical University Hospital, 320 colorectal samples fixed by Formalin and embedded in paraffin were collected. The specimens were divided into 6 groups: normal mucosa (n = 22, at least 10 cm away from the edge of a primary carcinoma), hyperplastic polyp (n = 9), adenoma (n = 61), primary carcinoma (n = 197), lymph node metastases (n = 21, paired with the primary carcinoma), and liver metastases (n = 10, paired with the primary carcinoma). Hyperplastic polyps were
Cyclin A in carcinogenic processes
In normal mucosae, cyclin A showed nuclear staining in the lower 1/3 of the crypts, and the staining intensity was moderate or severe (Fig 1A).
Discussion
An earlier study reported some of the relationships between cyclin A and clinicopathologic parameters in primary colorectal cancer.13 However, the conclusions lacked reliability for the following reasons. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests compare only medians,29 but the study used the 2 tests to compare means. Also, a normality test is very important for judging the distribution of data and for choosing a parametric or a nonparametric test,29 but the study showed no result from a
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2020, Meta GeneCitation Excerpt :Human Protein Atlas data show that CCNA2 is up-regulated in many types of cancer which indicates its importance in cancer transformation and progression (Uhlen et al., 2010). This gene is over expressed in colorectal (Li et al., 2002), breast (Husdal et al., 2006) and esophageal cancer (Furihata et al., 1996) and in poorly differentiated tumors with high invasive ability (Huuhtanen et al., 1999). It has been also reported that CCNA2 could participate in the processes of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) and metastasis (Bendris, Arsic et al., 2012).
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2019, Journal of Biological ChemistryCitation Excerpt :Extensive studies have demonstrated that increased activity of cyclin A–dependent kinases cause aberrant phosphorylation of various oncoproteins and tumor suppressors, thus leading to uncontrolled progression of cell cycle and stimulating tumorigenesis (34). Elevated expression of CCNA2 has been detected in a variety of cancers, and its dysregulation has also been associated with poor prognosis (35, 36). Whereas the increased expression of CCNA2 has been primarily shown to result from gene amplification and loss of transcriptional regulation, a few studies have also reported the role of noncoding RNAs in the derepression of CCNA2 in human cancers (37).
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2016, GeneCitation Excerpt :Accumulating evidence shows that the progression of tumorigenesis involves abnormalities in the expression of cyclins and related genes. Cyclin D1 and cyclin A are strongly activated during G1 phase and transition from G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle in the gastric cancer cells, respectively (Han et al., 1999; Li et al., 2002; Ioachim, 2008). In addition, these progressive factors can be inhibited by blockers, such as p21.
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Address correspondence and reprint requests to Professor Katsumi Imaida, First Department of Pathology, Kagawa Medical University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793 Japan.