Chest
Clinical InvestigationsHistologic Type of Lung Cancer in Relation to Smoking Habits, Year of Diagnosis and Sites of Metastases
Section snippets
MATERIALS AND METHODS
During the period from 1955 to 1972 at the Veterans Administration Hospital, East Orange, New Jersey, we collected autopsy specimens and smoking and residence histories for a series of studies relating smoking habits to histologic changes. The smoking histories were obtained by trained interviewers from the relatives of the deceased. Of the autopsies performed during this period of time, primary lung cancer was found to be the underlying cause of death in 1,093 cases. For this study, there were
Consistency of Readings
Table 2 shows the final classification by detailed histologic type of each of the 662 cases crosstabulated by the classification at the other reading. It also shows the number and percentage of discrepancies between the two readings which fall within the same major classification and the number and percentage of discrepancies between two readings which involved two separate classifications within the five major classifications.
Of the eleven subclassifications shown in Table 1, completely
DISCUSSION
As there has been a decline, over the past 15 years, in the amount of tars and nicotine in the cigarettes smoked in the United States, the effective dosage would be less in the later years of the study, even for persons who smoked the same number of cigarettes per day. For this reason, it is possible that the faster growing lung cancers might occur less frequently among patients who died of lung cancer between 1968-1972, the later time period covered by this study than in the earlier time
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2016, Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :In another study (Weiss et al., 1970), of 161 specimens of lung cancer, unanimity between pathologists was 47% for AdC, 43% for SqCC and 25% for SmCC. Despite increasingly well-defined systems of classification and guidelines emerging to assist pathologists, and their constant revision, discrepancies in classification have persisted (Auerbach et al., 1975; Cane et al., 2015; Roggli et al., 1985). Part of the problem resides in the notorious morphological heterogeneity of lung carcinoma rendering interpretation of multiple large sections from resected tumours (Roggli et al., 1985) or tumours sampled post mortem (Auerbach et al., 1975) particularly challenging.
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2016, Regulatory Toxicology and PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Thus, some studies (Campobasso et al., 1993; Greenberg et al., 1984; Vincent et al., 1977; Yesner et al., 1973) found a significant increase in the numbers of AdC when the diagnoses of histological type originally made some years earlier were reviewed, though others (Butler et al., 1987, Brownson et al., 1995) did not. Also, a number of studies that used standard criteria to review cases collected over at least a 10 year period (mean 21 years) found no evident increase in the proportion of lung cancers classified as AdC (Auerbach et al., 1975; Beard et al., 1988; Butler et al., 1987; Caldwell and Berry, 1996; Chan and Maclennan, 1977; Kennedy, 1973; Tanaka et al., 1988), although a few showed some increase (Andrews, Jr. et al., 1985; Valaitis et al., 1981; Wahbah et al., 2007). A fundamental question that could shed light on the underlying factors influencing observed rates of these two lung cancer types is whether the temporal patterns of the relative proportions of AdC vs. SqCC of the lung are similar in never smokers compared with smokers.
Manuscript received June 27; accepted September 3.