Uterine artery embolization (UAE) is frequently performed for symptomatic leiomyomata. There have been no reports of squamous metaplasia of endometrium after such a procedure. Squamous metaplasia of endometrium is often associated with endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. In our patient the disorder was diagnosed after UAE. This is the second such case we have encountered. In view of the association of squamous metaplasia with endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma, a history of recent UAE must be considered in evaluating a patient with this finding, particularly on a biopsy specimen.