Introduction: The development of a fistula and/or an abscess are major complications in patients with Crohn's disease. An abscess can involve any of the major viscera, including the liver and spleen.
Case report: A 27-year-old male patient with a 6-month history of NOD2/CARD15-positive Crohn's disease with stenosis of the terminal ileum, previously treated with corticosteroids, was admitted with fever, chills, diarrhea, fatigue and cachexia. Diagnostic work-up revealed sepsis, an abscess in the right hepatic lobe, multiple abdominal collections and right-sided pleural effusion. It was felt that his poor general condition prevented surgical intervention and complex conservative treatment was initiated. It consisted of total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics, percutaneous drainage of the liver abscess, and thoracocentesis. Pus and blood cultures showed Lactobacillus acidophilus. There was a gradual improvement in the patient's condition and the liver abscess decreased in diameter from 14 to 2 cm. Aminosalicylates and enteral nutrition were gradually introduced. The patient was discharged after 9 weeks in good general condition.
Conclusion: Although extremely rarely, L. acidophilus can cause hepatic abscess and sepsis. This can be explained by immunologic incompetence due to corticosteroid treatment of Crohn's disease.
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