The skin is commonly affected in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infections and ectoparasitic infestations may affect the skin primarily or secondarily in this patient population. In addition, common inflammatory dermatoses may be severe and persistent. Furthermore, unusual inflammatory conditions not commonly seen in immunocompetent patients may occur. The more common opportunistic infectious diseases, as well as some of the inflammatory dermatoses, in patients with HIV infection are discussed. By recognizing these conditions, patients with HIV infection can be more readily identified and treated.