Purpose: Locally advanced inverted papilloma and inverted papilloma associated with squamous cell carcinoma are at high risk of local failure due to limitations of surgical resection resulting in repeat surgical procedures. The role of adjuvant radiation therapy is poorly defined. This study reviews a single institution experience of radiation therapy in the management of this disease.
Methods and material: Between 1977 and 1990 25 patients were treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary with radiation therapy for inverted papilloma (seven patients) and inverted papilloma associated with squamous cell carcinoma (18 patients) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. All patients presented with locally advanced invasive tumors; 5 of 7 with inverted papilloma had previous resections and 4 of 18 with associated squamous cell carcinoma had history of prior surgical excisions of inverted papilloma only (three patients) or inverted papilloma with squamous cell carcinoma in situ (one patient). Sixteen patients underwent radiation treatment following gross total resection, eight patients after subtotal tumor resection and one patient was inoperable by local invasion and received radiation therapy alone.
Results: Local control was achieved in 6 of 7 patients with inverted papilloma only and one patient required additional resection for persistent disease. Of 18 patients with associated squamous cell carcinoma, 17 were locally controlled after radiation therapy and one had persistent tumor. One patient failed locally 3 years after treatment. With a mean observation time of 4.8 years (range: 0.5-12.9 years) all seven (100%) patients with inverted papilloma only and 15 of 18 (83%) patients with associated invasive carcinoma are alive and without evidence of disease. Three patients with inverted papilloma associated with squamous cell carcinoma died, two patients as a result of their disease (one patient with persistent disease, one patient after local failure) and one patient of intercurrent disease. No failure in either regional lymph nodes or at distant sites was recorded. In the majority of cases radiation therapy was well-tolerated.
Conclusions: Combined radiation therapy and surgery can offer excellent long-term control and should be considered in patients with history of recurrent disease, in the presence of suspected residual disease, after incomplete resection or for unresectable lesions. Patients with associated squamous cell carcinoma have a more aggressive course, however radiation therapy still has the prospect of permanent disease-free survival in patients who achieve local control.