The interplay between tumors and their immunologic microenvironment is complex and
difficult to decipher, but its understanding is of seminal importance for the development of …

Solid tumors, beyond mere accumulation of cancer cells, form a complex ecosystem
consisting of normal epithelial cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels, structural …

Human cancers grow in a microenvironment of stromal, inflammatory and immunocompetent
cells which is variable from tumor to tumor. The characterization of the immune contexture, ie …

Background The role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the early metastatic invasion of
colorectal cancer is unknown. Methods We studied pathological signs of early metastatic …

Mice carrying a germ-line null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene have been produced
by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Heterozygous females showed almost complete …

Appropriate localization and migration of T cells is a prerequisite for antitumor immune
surveillance. Studies using fixed tumor samples from human patients have shown that T …

In a large proportion of cancer patients, CD8 T cells are excluded from the vicinity of cancer
cells. The inability of CD8 T cells to reach tumor cells is considered an important mechanism …

Rationale: It is now well established that immune responses can take place outside of
primary and secondary lymphoid organs. We previously described the presence of tertiary …

Tumor-infiltrating T cells, particularly CD45RO+ CD8+ memory T cells, confer a positive
prognostic value in human cancers. However, the mechanisms that promote a protective T …

Both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to tumor immunosurveillance in
mice and humans; however, there is a paucity of direct evidence of a role for natural killer …