Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Gene expression profiling has
contributed significantly to our understanding of this heterogeneity at a molecular level …

Introduction Breast cancer remains a significant scientific, clinical and societal challenge.
This gap analysis has reviewed and critically assessed enduring issues and new challenges …

The majority of breast cancer research is conducted using established breast cancer cell
lines as in vitro models. An alternative is to use cultures established from primary breast …

Purpose To determine the relationship between quantitative estrogen-receptor (ER) and
progesteronereceptor (PgR) expression and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2) …

One of the benefits of Digital PCR (dPCR) is the potential for unparalleled precision
enabling smaller fold change measurements. An example of an assessment that could …

Molecular alterations in cancer can cause phenotypic changes in tumor cells and their
microenvironment. Routine histopathology tissue slides, which are ubiquitously available …

Phytoestrogens are polyphenol compounds of plant origin that exhibit a structural similarity
to the mammalian steroid hormone 17β-oestradiol. In Asian nations the staple consumption …

Tamoxifen is currently the first-line therapy for treatment of hormone-dependent breast
cancer. However, despite initial benefits, most patients eventually relapse. Two groups of …

Purpose: Previous conflicting results about the prognostic significance of estrogen receptor
(ER)-β in breast cancer may be explained by contribution of isoforms, of which five exist. Our …

To gain insights into the possible role of oestrogen receptor (ER) β in breast carcinogenesis,
immunohistochemical analysis of ER β was performed on 512 breast specimens …